Dr Chandril Chugh

Brain Anatomy: 4 Powerful Insights on How It Works | Dr. Chandril Chugh

The Human Brain Anatomy is a phenomenal structure that is responsible for the functioning of the entire human body. It comprises several nerve tissues and billions of nerve cells and synapses that are protected inside the skull. The Brain Anatomy interprets the external world and encapsulates the knowledge of the mind and the soul. The human brain is one of the largest and most complex organ structure of the human body. The brain makes us self-aware and gives us the ability to speak, think, and function in the world.

The Brain Anatomy consists of components that have many specialised areas that work together in harmony to keep the body functioning and learning. The brain collects information through the five senses of the body that is: touch, taste, vision, smell, and hearing. It can determine many at one time. It’s uncanny how the brain understands and convenes the messages that form meaning for us and stores this information in our memory, all at the same time. The brain can control our thoughts, memory and speech, movement of the arms and legs. It also controls the functions of multiple organs within our body. Any harm to the brain can lead to conditions such as traumatic brain injury, brain haemorrhage, etc. Thus, one needs to take special care of the brain through brain haemorrhage treatment or brain haemorrhage surgery.

Let us know how the Brain Anatomy performs such marvellous tasks. The brain anatomy is just as intricate as the functions it carries out, yet it’s phenomenal.

Overview Of The Brain Anatomy And Function -

The brain is composed of the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem. Let us know more about brain anatomy and physiology and how these parts of the brain function together. 

1. Cerebrum

The cerebrum is the largest part of the Brain Anatomy, comprising the right and left hemispheres. It performs complex functions such as interpreting touch, vision and hearing, speech, thought, emotions, learning, and control over body movement.

Each hemisphere of the cerebrum is further divided into four broad regions called lobes, the frontal lobe, the temporal lobe, the occipital lobe, and the parietal lobe. You can see each of these under a brain anatomy MRI.  

• Frontal lobes- The frontal lobes of the cerebrum are the largest of the lobes. They are located in the frontal part of the brain, as their name suggests. They coordinate functions of high-level behaviour such as motor skills, judgment, planning, attention and problem-solving. The frontal lobes are also responsible for impulse control and managing emotions.
• Parietal lobes-The parietal lobes are located right behind the frontal lobes. They're responsible for interpreting language, words, sense of touch, the sensation of pain, temperature, interpret signals from vision, hearing, motor movements, sensory functions, spatial movements, memory and, optical perception.
• Temporal lobes- The temporal lobes are located on each side of the head on a similar level as the ears. They coordinate specific functions, including Understanding language, Memory, Hearing, Sequencing and organization.
• Occipital lobes- The occipital lobes are located on the back of the brain. They are mainly involved in determining the ability to read and recognise and also interpret colour, light, movement from vision.

Any harm to the cerebrum can increase the risks of stroke.

2. Cerebellum

The cerebellum is located under the cerebrum just below the occipital lobes. The cerebellum function involves coordinating muscle movements helping the body maintain its posture, equilibrium, and balance. It enables the body with fine motor skills, which refers to the coordination of smaller actions, specifically those involving the hands and feet. 

3. Brain stem

The brain stem consists of three major parts, and it is located in front of the cerebellum connecting to the spinal cord. It connects the spinal cord to the higher-thinking centres of the brain. It consists of three structures: the medulla oblongata, the pons, and the midbrain. A brain anatomy ct scan can show images of the brain stem and problems with the brain.

Medulla oblongata: The medulla oblongata is the lowest part of the brain, operating as the control centre for the heart and lungs’ functions. It helps regulate many important functions, including breathing, sneezing, and swallowing.

Pons: The Pons is the largest part of the brain stem. It is located below the midbrain. It consists of a group of nerves that help connect various parts of the brain. The pons also holds the start of some cranial nerves. These are required in facial movements and transmitting sensory information.

Midbrain: The midbrain helps in controlling eye movements and processes visual as well as auditory information.

4. Diencephalon

The diencephalon is located just above the brainstem between the cerebral hemispheres. It helps form the walls of the third ventricle and consists of the thalamus, the epithalamus, and the hypothalamus.

• Thalamus: It acts as a relay station as almost all sensory information except for the sensation of smell, advancing to the cortex primarily stops in the thalamus before being sent on to their destination. The Thalamus is also connected to functions of consciousness, sleep, and memory.
• Epithalamus: It primarily consists of the pineal gland and the habenulae. The pineal gland is an endocrine gland that secretes the hormone melatonin. It acts as a link between the limbic system and other parts of the brain. The limbic system is a part of the brain that is involved with functions of emotion, long-term memory, and behaviour.
• Hypothalamus: The hypothalamus helps in maintaining homeostasis. It referred to the balance of all bodily functions that the Hypothalamus manages. It involves regulating the body temperature, control over the body's appetite, maintaining the physiological cycle, sleep cycle, and controlling the production and release of hormones.

The brain is the engine of the human body. One needs to take special care of this organ. Stress and anxiety can influence brain health leading to brain damage. Neurocritical care is something that one must take seriously for the smooth functioning of the brain. The advancements in neuroscience and radiology have made possible the quick diagnosis of injuries in the brain and to view brain anatomy in 3D. 

Also Read

• Alzheimer's Disease Effect On Brain

• 5 Tips To Cope With Tragic Flashbacks

• The Effects Of Depression In Your Body

by Dr Chandril Chugh

Unveiling the Impact: How Alcohol Affects the Brain | Expert Analysis

How Alcohol affects the brain?

The ill-effects of alcohol are known to all, yet people engage in alcohol drinking. Drinking alcohol at moderate levels does not cause much harm. However, binge drinking or heavy drinking can have drastic effects on your body and brain. When consumed in large quantities, alcohol can lead to several chemical changes in your brain and develop your dependency on it.

Alcohol, even though it’s harmful to your health, is known to induce pleasure. This is because, in the beginning, alcohol increases the release of dopamine in the brain, thus making you feel relaxed and euphoric. Hence, several people opt for alcohol to relieve their stress, anxiety and escape from other problems in life. Among teenagers, drinking alcohol often starts from peer pressure or imitating the adults in the house. Alcohol is addictive, which has depressant effects on the brain. Thus many resorts to drinking alcohol to escape from the depression. However, drinking only makes it worse. 

Alcohol affects which part of the brain?

Alcohol affects brain chemistry. It alters and interferes with three major neurotransmitters which are responsible for communication within the body.

• Glutamate receptors: Glutamate is a chemical that excites neurons and stimulates brain activity and energy levels. Consuming alcohol binds and block them from being activated.
• The Nucleus accumbens: It's an essential structure in the middle part of the brain which retains satiety, memories and pleasure. Dopamine is released due to alcohol; this produces the feeling of being safe and an urge of euphoria. Also, a reason why alcohol is addictive.   
• GABA receptors: It is a chemical that slowdowns the brain. As alcohol affects brain chemistry, it binds to activate these receptors, and we become a little tired. 

The ill-effects of alcohol on your brain

It has been observed that alcohol affects brain structure and parts of the  brain in different ways- 

• The hippocampus, which is responsible for storing and forming memory, is affected. When people drink a lot, they don’t remember what they did while they were drunk. This is because alcohol impacts your hippocampus, which leads to poor memory or, in the long run, memory loss. 
• Another observation among drunk people is that they have poor coordination. This is because alcohol affects the cerebellum. The cerebellum is the brain that controls muscle movements’ coordination, thus helping the body maintain its posture, equilibrium, and balance. It also controls the motor skills of the body. Hence, it is forbidden to drink and drive. 
• Your memory, thought cognition and judgement are all done by the frontal lobes. Binge drinking or heavy drinking impairs all of these critical functions.
• The hypothalamus and the pituitary gland are responsible for the release of hormones and coordinate automatic brain functions. However, when you drink alcohol, it depresses the nerve centres in the hypothalamus that are responsible for sexual arousal and performance. Alcohol increases your sexual desire but decreases performance. 
• The medulla of the brain handles functions such as breathing, consciousness, body temperature, etc. Alcohol affects this area of the brain, thus inducing sleep. One can also experience changes in breathing and lower your body temperature. 

Long term effects of Alcohol 

• Shrinking of the brain - It has been observed that for people who have been drinking heavily for a long time, alcohol affects their brains and the way it carries out its tasks. Due to alcohol, the brain’s cells start to diminish, and the brain begins to shrink. 
• Sleep Disorders- While in the beginning, alcohol makes you feel tired and sleepy; as time passes, it hinders your sleep schedule. Once the effects of alcohol wear off from the body, you start tossing and turning in your sleep. Heavy alcohol consumption may also lead to sleeping disorders such as sleep apnea, insomnia, etc. 
• Brain damage- People who drink heavily on a day to day basis are at an increased risk of brain damage. The brain controls all the functions of the body. Alcohol abuse also leads to life-threatening problems such as stroke, traumatic brain injury, etc. 
• Wet Brain Syndrome - Wet brain syndrome, also known as Wernicke Krosakoff Syndrome - a type of dementia, is a debilitating condition caused as a result of chronic and acute phases of Vitamin B1 deficiency. Alcohol hampers the absorption of thiamine (vitamin B) in the brain. 
• Personality changes- Alcohol affects not only you but also your personality. This is more of the long term effects of alcohol, where alcohol consumption leads to behaviour changes. It is a known fact that alcohol affects behaviour. A person may become more aggressive and restless. Drinking alcohol changes the brain wiring and impairs one’s judgement and ability to think. The behaviour change also puts a strain on intimate relations. 

Thus, overall, drinking alcohol is harmful to your brain and body and the people around you. If you think alcohol will provide relief from all the sorrows of life, it is not valid. Alcohol addiction is like quicksand. Once you step into it, there’s hardly any escape. 

Also Read

• Is Your Diet Cola Making You Dumb?

• 6 Foods That Can Heal Damaged Nerve

• The Effects Of Depression In Your Body

by Dr Chandril Chugh

The Human Brain: A Complex Mystery

The Most Popular Human Brain Related Questions Asked On Quora - Dr Chugh’s Take On Them

A Vital Organ Indeed 

As you might already know, the brain is considered an essential part of the human body, and it can only show its maximum potential if there is a proper balance of your physical and mental health. The brain is basically formed by numerous neurons, which are connected by dendrites and axons. And any kind of work like moving, thinking, imagining, calculating, etc., gets done by electric impulses travelling from one neuron to another. In my opinion, it is the organ that makes you human!

What is the largest part of the brain?

The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain and makes up 85% of the brain’s weight.

What is the weight of the average human brain?

The average brain weight in adult males is 1336 gram, while in adult females, it is 1198 gram. It makes up about 2% of the total body weight.

What is the biggest part of the human brain, and what is its function?

The cerebrum is the biggest part of the human brain, and it performs several functions:

• Impacts emotions- helps in processing emotional situations.
• Creates response-like a reaction to hotness, coldness etc.
• Helps in initiating movement - walking, sitting, exercising
• Helps in rationalising- Thinking, problem-solving, memory

What is the difference between the forebrain and frontal lobe?

As we all know, the forebrain is just the front portion of the brain and is formed by two main elements like telencephalon and diencephalon, and it helps in leading the complex cognitive activities as well as sensory and voluntary functions. Simultaneously, the frontal lobe is located right behind the forehead, and it plays a vital role in the brain’s intellectual properties like thinking, reasoning, and difficult problem-solving.

Is there any role of the brain in reflex action?

No, but the information about the reflex action is sent to the brain after 1 or 2 seconds. This is so that we should be aware of what has happened. The brain on its own cannot react as fast as the spinal cord to the reflex action. So the part of the reaction process is carried out by the spinal cord, but the information is also sent to the brain so that the person can be aware of the stimulus and prevent himself from that situation again.

For example, you remove your hand when touching a hot object. This is a reflex action. But sending the information to the brain makes the person aware that the object is hot and hence not to touch it again.

The nervous system consists of the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves. It is made up of nerve cells, called neurons, and supporting cells called glial cells.

The brain and spinal cord are connected to the sensory receptors and muscles through long axons which make up the peripheral nerves. The spinal cord has two main functions: it is in charge of the simple reflexes such as the knee-jerk and the rapid withdrawal of a limb from a hot object or a pinprick, and can also handle more complex reflexes, and it forms a broad passage between the body and the brain for information travelling in both directions. 

What are the benefits of using brain booster music? Does it really work?

Music is not only a great source of stress and anxiety relief, but it's also efficient in keeping your brain calm and active at the same time. I suggest that indulging in music in our daily activities can enhance our brain’s cognitive mechanism as the music’s lyrics and rhythm often help people create an automatic pattern in their working style. Due to the melody and lyrics in a song, it has the power to influence your emotions and bring the spirit of work to your regular boring activities.

Music therapy helps in enhancing your mood, memory, and sleep quality.

What is the function of sinuses in the brain?

Sinuses produce a slippery secretion known as mucous produced by the mucous glands, which helps moisturise the nose; mucus’s colour varies depending on the level of infection or sickness; mucus helps to protect the nose from various kinds of unwanted dust particles and pollution. Gradually it ends up getting swallowed by the throat. Sinuses also try to enhance the flexibility of our skull by clarifying the tone of our voice.

What Is the Best Food for the brain?

I recommend the following foods for a healthy brain:

• Almond, often considered brain food, due to its high vitamin E level, promotes brain alertness and memory.
• Fresh Berries are good for boosting memory and also help in decreasing the rate of cognitive disease.

• Green Vegetables rich in various kinds of vitamins and carbohydrates play a vital role in the brain’s wellness. 
• Turmeric with the active ingredient curcumin is good for boosting immunity, but it's also useful in increasing the brain’s efficiency by improving memory and easing depression.
• Fruits rich in vitamin C also energise the brain and help in preventing several neurological diseases.
• Dark Chocolate with Caffeine and other antioxidants helps influence the mood and slows down the chances of neurological disease that can negatively impact physical and brain health.

What is brain fever?

Brain fever is a medical condition in which the patient undergoes fever symptoms accompanied by inflammation in a certain part of the brain due to various reasons.

Here are some common conditions which are often referred to as brain fever:-

• Encephalitis is accompanied by fever, headache, and vomiting and is caused by viral infections or diseases.
• Meningitis is an acute form of inflammation and is caused due to microorganisms or bacteria and symptoms, including fever, confusional states, headaches, and vomiting.
• Cerebritis can be easily guessed by the name. It's a form of cerebrum inflammation, and the symptoms have their own level of severity starting from headache, confusion slowly leading to stroke.

Is brain transplantation possible?

The brain being the most complex organ of the body makes brain transplantation impossible. Transplanting the brain is only limited to sci-fi movies.

Control Your Brain, Control Your Life!

Hence, I will conclude by saying that though the human brain is a complex organ, many possibilities and alternatives are available to keep the brain healthy by protecting its standard mechanism. Our day to day activities can immensely influence our brain’s working and the working of our mind. So, it is up to us how we will deal with our life, as positivity will help our mindset grow and evolve into a better human being. Simultaneously, the negativity will only bring stress, depression, and bad thoughts in our mind leading to disbalance in the brain’s action.

by Dr Chandril Chugh

Why Do Elders Suffer From Alzheimer's?

As people grow older, there are several changes taking place in the body. Older people are more susceptible to diseases and disorders. This is because the body systems start to grow weak and fail to function well. There is a specific pattern of neurological diseases in the elderly. As time goes by, the body becomes weak, and its ability to fight diseases is diminished. Alzheimer’s in elderly is one such old age disorder that affects the elderly. It is a disorder where a person’s ability to retain information is lost. Alzheimer and Dementia are some of the medical terms that generally confuse. Dementia is a general term related to the decline in mental ability. In contrast, Alzheimer’s is a progressive disease where the brain cells decline rapidly. 

What neurological issues do the elderly face?

Neurological disorders are very common amongst people of old age. Ageing can lead to several neurological diseases such as Hemorrhage in the brain, Dementia, Stroke etc. 

Causes of Alzheimer’s 

While the exact reason for Alzheimer’s isn’t totally understood, some of the causes of Alzheimer’s are - 

• Age - While it’s not necessary that everyone may develop Alzheimer’s disease with ageing, the chances of it developing are still high with Alzheimer's age of onset. People over the age of 65, are at risk of Alzheimer’s and belong to the Alzheimer's age group. This is because, with ageing, the brain shrinks along with the loss of neurons. In Alzheimer’s patients, the neurons start degenerating rapidly, thus causing cognitive impairment and memory loss. 
• Genetics - If a member of your family has Alzheimer's, it is likely that you too may develop the disease. The inherited genes from family members may or may not influence the chances of getting the disease. 
• Lifestyle- Your dietary choices, your health, poor sleeping patterns, and other lifestyle choices can influence your chances of having Alzheimer’s. Binge drinking or excessive alcohol consumption can also lead to cognitive impairment. 
• Alzheimer’s Environmental factors -Apart from the above factors, environmental factors such as pollution of the air, etc can lead to Alzheimer’s disease. 

Suppose one looks at the neuropathology of Alzheimer’s disease. In that case, one comes to know that Neurofibrillary tangles and Beta-amyloid plaques are mainly responsible for the damage caused to the brain cells. They cause the shrinking of the brain and the rapid depletion of neurons in the brain, thus impeding the normal functioning of the brain. There are three types of Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimer’s being a progressive brain disease, a patient goes through the following stages - 

Stage 1- The Mild Stage

This is the first stage of the disease where one may start forgetting small things. This observation may go unnoticed as forgetfulness is a common problem among the elderly. The neurons start to degenerate, and their connection with parts of the brain responsible for memory is hindered. A person may face small difficulties such as difficulty in remembering dates, events, days, names of family members, phone numbers, forgetting to pay the bills, etc.

Stage 2- The Moderate Stage 

In the moderate stage, the intensity of the disease slightly increases. The symptoms are quite evident. One may notice changes such as difficulty in remembering events of life or close family members, forgetting words, etc. Here, the part of the brain responsible for language, senses, reasoning, and consciousness is affected. As time passes, each day becomes a challenge. One may feel detached from the world and lonely. 

Stage 3- The Severe Stage 

The third stage is where things start turning worse. The neurons start degenerating rapidly. One finds it difficult to breathe or swallow food. The patient is unable to leave the bed and is dependent on someone. 

Some symptoms of Alzheimer’s 

The symptoms of Alzheimer’s may appear slowly and hence, can be unnoticeable. The symptoms may occur as mild at first but eventually, they intensify. As time passes, Alzheimer’s disease symptoms start getting worse, and the person may get irritated with their condition. They have a hard time remembering, and thus they may develop trust issues. The brain’s neurons rapidly degenerate at the severe stage, and the person starts to lose control of their condition. Some of the symptoms are- 

• • Lack of energy or the zest to work
  • Forgetting to carry out simple tasks

• Withdrawal from social life, signs of depression 

• Trouble understanding or interpreting words, symbols, etc.
• Struggling in solving problems, remembering directions 
• Slurred speech, and trouble putting words to thoughts 
• Confusion about the time and place. Difficulty in remembering faces. 
• Wandering
• Delusions 

• A constant state of confusion and mix up of the past and present events 
• Weight Loss, seizures, etc. 
• Lost control over bladder and bowel movement (due to damaged brain cells) 
• The trouble with swallowing food
• Hallucinations 
• Extreme mood swings. 

It is said that old age is the second childhood, and hence it is important that one takes special care of the old ones. Alzheimer’s completely steals one’s lifelong memories, and dealing with it can be quite frustrating. It is important that one consults the best neurologist in Patna for quick treatment. Only with the care and support of close friends and family, one can cope up with Alzheimer’s disease. 

For further health complications and issues related to Alzheimer's Disease, you can prefer consulting a reputed neurologist through teleconsultation or online appointment for proper guidance and treatment.

Also Read: 

• Stroke It’s A Choice! Don't Call It A Disease

• Risk Factors Of A Stroke

• Caring For A Person With Epilepsy:10 Ways

by Dr Chandril Chugh

Ways To Sleep Better During Ankylosing Spondylitis

Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) is a rare type of arthritis that primarily affects the spine. Severe inflammation of the vertebrae might eventually lead to persistent pain and disability. In more exceptional cases, the inflammation can cause new bone to form on the spine, thus causing a deformity. Ankylosing spondylitis can also affect other parts of your body, causing pain and stiffness in them. It could also affect your most functional joints, such as the shoulders, hips, and knees. One should be confident enough to face the World and can easily manage Workplace if one has AS with the help of a doctor and support from office people. Don’t ever feel demotivated..

Backache in itself is bad enough, but conditions such as Ankylosing Spondylitis make it even worse. One of the most common symptoms is a disturbed sleep cycle due to debilitating back pain. When your body doesn’t get proper rest and sleep quality is compromised, your health can further deteriorate. Lack of sleep can leave you exhausted, adding to fatigue as well as brain fog. Such a disturbed sleeping pattern can worsen anxiety levels and add to increased depression and stress. However, you don’t have to give up on quality sleep. 

Below are some tips that will guide you in how to sleep with ankylosing spondylitis.

1. Sleep on a comfortable Bed and Mattress

Your mattress should be such that it is cosy and comfortable. Suffering from ankylosing spondylitis could affect other joints such as the neck, shoulders, and hips. Hence a hard mattress or bed will affect your sleep. A mattress that evenly distributes your weight when you lie on it is beneficial. It would be best to make sure that it shouldn’t be too soft or too firm. A mattress that is too soft won’t provide the required support whereas, if it is too firm, it won’t hold the natural curves of your body, making it difficult to sleep on them. You can always ask your doctor for the best bed for ankylosing spondylitis.

Unsure if the reason for your sleep loss is ankylosing spondylitis or not? Read all about the ankylosing spondylitis disease in detail and find out.

2. Take notice of your pillow.

Generally, it has been observed that people who use larger pillows are hunched when they lie flat on the pillow. This causes stiffness of the neck and worsens ankylosing spondylitis. Using a thin spondylitis pillow will help you maintain a comfortable position and maintain a good sleeping posture while sleeping. One must consult the doctor for the best pillow for ankylosing spondylitis.

3. Heat and cold therapy

Warm water is soothing for s

ore joints. A warm bath before bed will help loosen your joints and relieve any sensation of pain, helping you sleep soundly. At the same time, you can use an ice pack to loosen the stiffness of your back. 

4. Straighten up and Stop Propping Up Your Legs: 

Sleeping with your spine straight could help you lessen the ache. You can lie flat on the back or stomach and avoid curling your legs up into your body. When you suffer from lower back pain, placing a pillow underneath your legs while you sleep could be tempting for temporary relief from pain. However, this may alter your body’s position while you wake up, thus causing more damage. 

5. Exercise: 

An essential part of ankylosing spondylitis treatment includes daily exercise. A common complaint among patients of ankylosing spondylitis in the neck is the stiffening of the back muscles. Taking a brisk walk in the evening could help wake up your muscles and ease the backache. Stretching and exercise will help you improve the quality of rest and sleep you desire to achieve. It will also help you fall asleep faster, beating the problem of insomnia. Exercising regularly or an early morning fitness program can enhance your sleep, letting you repose peacefully. One must also take precautions while doing exercises so AS doesn't get worse.

6. Deep breathing: 

Deep breathing is an excellent exercise that can help you increase and maintain your lung capacity and keep your rib cage flexible. Here are some deep breathing tips you could try:

• Sit or lie down and observe your breathing. 
• Take a slow, deep breath. You must feel the air that enters through your nose and moves toward your lower abdomen.
• Allow your abdomen to expand fully through deep breathing.
• Breathe out slowly through your mouth or nose.
• Place one hand on your abdomen, feeling it rise as you inhale and fall as you exhale. 
• Alternate regular and deep breaths a few times.

Visit Your Doctor

If ankylosing spondylitis starts affecting your sleep schedule, it is time to see your physician for treatments. The best treatment will help you manage the pain and slow your disease. Prescribed medications after proper consultation and tests can help you get better sleep and reduce pain. Medications such as Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and TNF inhibitors will reduce the inflammation, preventing any further damage to your joints. TNF inhibitors might also help improve the quality of your sleep.

While there is no proper cure for Ankylosing Spondylitis, several treatments are available to help relieve the symptoms. They can also help delay or prevent the process of the spine fusing and stiffening. In most cases, treatment involves a combination of motion exercises. Despite this condition’s chronic nature, it is perfectly functional to live with it by making healthier lifestyle choices. One should be taking proper care of their body, along with medications and exercise. Following a nutritious diet, doing spondylitis exercises and not letting toxic substances into your body, such as nicotine and alcohol, can prove very useful for living with ankylosing spondylitis.

You can try consulting a reputed neurologist through an online appointment for proper guidance and treatment for further health complications and issues related to ankylosing spondylitis.

Also Read: 

• Stroke It’s A Choice! Don’t Call It A Disease.

• Risk Factors Of A Stroke

• Alzheimer’s Disease Effects On Brain

by Dr Chandril Chugh

Common Neurology Problem In Old Age: Geriatric Neurology

Age plays a key role when it comes to your health. With growing age, one’s overall health deteriorates and one is more prone to illnesses. While there are physical changes that take place, there are also several changes in your brain and nervous system. Hence, it is more likely for people over the age of 60 or 65 to experience neurological problems. This is because the neurons start degenerating over the years. There are certain neurological patterns in the elderly. Over time, the body loses its ability to fight diseases. 

What is Geriatric Neurology?

Geriatric neurology is a branch of medicine that looks after the diagnosis and geriatric counselling and treatment of neurological disorders in the elderly and geriatric age group. Many old age people suffer from chronic pain, geriatric trauma or progressive disorders. Hence, it becomes essential that special care is taken of these individuals. Elderly are the most vulnerable to neurological disorders and geriatric neurologists for geriatric care need to carefully look after their needs and their geriatric treatment. 

There is a gamut of diseases that people of old age may experience such as- stroke, geriatric old age disease and different types of Alzheimer’s Disease etc. Given below is a list of neurological disorders in the elderly: 

• Alzheimer’s Disease 

Usually known as memory loss disease, Alzheimer’s disease is a very common condition among people over the age of 65. Depending on the intensity of the disease, a person may experience mild, moderate or severe symptoms. Alzheimer’s disease may start off with small imperceptible symptoms such as forgetting names, events, phone numbers, etc. It is a progressive disease and over a period of time, one may experience extreme symptoms such as difficulty in swallowing or breathing, etc. This is because neurons which used to carry out functions in the body previously, now start to degenerate at a rapid rate. With proper care and appropriate medications, this neurological disease can be treated. 

• Parkinson’s Disease

Parkinson’s is yet another progressive neurological disorder amongst the elderly. Here, the part of the brain responsible for movement is affected. The onset of this disease starts usually when the person is in their 60s. Some of the common symptoms are, trembling of hands,  slow movements, stiffness in hands, legs, etc problems with balancing, low volume speech, the reduced swinging of the arms while walking, etc. Parkinson’s disease can be caused because of genetic factors or environmental factors. Your doctor may prescribe a few medications as well as few exercises and modifications in lifestyle, to reverse the effects of this disease.

• Stroke 

A stroke is a life-threatening disease that can occur in elderly people. Strokes take place as a result of interruption in the blood supply or bursting of a blood vessel in the brain. It is extremely crucial that one takes quick measures and acts quickly when a person is having a stroke. The first step is to identify the signs of a stroke. Some of the signs are - troubled speech, paralysis, numbness or weakness on one side of the body, loss of balance, blurred vision, dizziness, severe headache where the cause is not known. A stroke needs immediate medical attention, otherwise, it can be fatal or cause haemorrhage in the brain or permanent disability. One should immediately call for help and get the required medical attention that the patient needs, in order to help the person having a stroke. Special care needs to be taken of the patient as a stroke can have a huge impact and shock to the person. 

• Geriatric Depression 

Geriatric Depression is a mental condition of persistent and lasting moments of depression in older adults. While it is quite common to feel lonely and sad from time to time, geriatric depression is a lasting emotional disorder. This type of depression can increase the risks of suicides and hinder the quality of life. Limited mobility, isolation, financial hardships, dependency, death of loved ones, etc can contribute to geriatric depression. The patient may face constant restlessness and troubles sleeping. It is important that the patient is taken to therapy and is provided with proper treatment. With proper love and care from family members and close friends, one can deal with this disorder. 

• PTSD 

Post-traumatic stress disorder or PTSD is a mental health condition characterized by nightmares and trauma. PTSD is very common in ageing veterans who have seen the brutality and extreme violence when they served in the war. The memories of such violence can be upsetting for people and cause serious trauma. PTSD can also be caused by tragic events of sexual harassment, torture, natural calamities, etc. Such unresolved and untreated issues of the past can cause them - restlessness, flashbacks, nightmares, difficulty in sleeping, etc. One can also find oneself overwhelmed by emotions of fear, anxiety, stress and lose their touch with reality. It is crucial that they seek the proper treatment for PTSD as soon as possible. 

Neurological disorders are common in old age. This is particularly why old people require special care and attention. Old age is dicey, as one is vulnerable and dependent on others. It is important that the elderly get the required medical attention. Consult the best neurologist in Patna for quick diagnosis and treatment of ailments. With the love and support of loved ones, one can easily cope up with the problems in life. 

For further health complications and issues related to Geriatric Neurology, you can prefer consulting a reputed neurologist through teleconsultation or online appointment for proper guidance and treatment.

Also Read: 

• Stroke It’s A Choice! Don't Call It A Disease

• Is Your Diet Cola Making You Dumb?

• Caring For A Person With Epilepsy:10 Ways

by Dr Chandril Chugh

Ankylosing Spondylitis : All you need to know

Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) is a rare type of arthritis that primarily affects the spine and sacroiliac joints. Also known as Bechterew’s disease, this condition causes severe inflammation in the vertebrae, leading to chronic pain and stiffness. While more common in men, Ankylosing Spondylitis can affect anyone, often beginning in the late teens or early adulthood. Early detection and management are crucial for minimizing its impact on daily life.

Causes of Ankylosing Spondylitis

The exact cause of Ankylosing Spondylitis remains unknown, but genetics play a significant role. Individuals with the HLA-B27 gene have a higher risk of developing AS. Although not everyone with this gene will develop the condition, a family history of Ankylosing Spondylitis increases the likelihood of acquiring it.

Symptoms of Ankylosing Spondylitis

Symptoms of Ankylosing Spondylitis usually start between the late teens and early 30s. The condition often begins in the lower back and can progress up to the neck. Early signs include:

• Morning Back Pain: Pain that worsens at night and improves throughout the day.
• Large Joint Pain: Pain in the hips and shoulders.
• Postural Changes: Stooped shoulders and poor posture.
• Stiffness: Morning stiffness lasting at least 30 minutes.
• Buttock Pain: Pain that radiates from one buttock to the back of the thighs.
• Systemic Symptoms: Weight loss, fatigue, loss of appetite, fever, and anemia.
• Lung Function: Reduced lung function due to chest involvement.

Ankylosing Spondylitis can easily be mistaken for common back pain, but the long-lasting and severe nature of the pain caused by AS sets it apart.

Ankylosing Spondylitis in Women

While Ankylosing Spondylitis is more common in men, it also affects women. However, diagnosing AS in women can be more challenging, as they often exhibit different symptoms. Women may experience:

• Increased Fatigue: Higher levels of tiredness.
• Severe Stiffness: More pronounced stiffness, particularly at night.
• Pain: More pain in the neck, knees, and hips.

Women with AS are also more likely to experience systemic symptoms such as psoriasis, uveitis (eye inflammation), and inflammatory bowel disease. These symptoms can delay diagnosis as they affect areas beyond the joints. Pregnant women with AS should work closely with their doctors to manage inflammation and avoid pregnancy complications.

Treatment for Ankylosing Spondylitis

Currently, there is no cure for Ankylosing Spondylitis, but treatments are available to manage symptoms and improve quality of life. Here’s how you can manage AS effectively:

Medications

Consult a specialist before taking any medication. Commonly prescribed drugs include:

• Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs): Such as ibuprofen and naproxen to reduce inflammation.
• Corticosteroids: These may be prescribed for severe inflammation. Medications should always be taken under a doctor’s supervision.

Exercise

Staying active is crucial for managing AS and preventing stiffness. Recommended exercises include:

• Yoga: Helps maintain flexibility and reduce pain.
• Deep Breathing: Supports lung function.
• Stretching and Posture Training: Essential for maintaining joint flexibility and avoiding poor posture. Stretching can also help alleviate back pain.

Posture Training

AS can lead to vertebral stiffness, affecting posture. Practicing good posture can prevent slouching. Use cushions or ergonomic chairs to enhance your posture.

Therapies

Several therapies can help manage AS symptoms:

• Heat and Cold Therapy: Warm showers or heating pads relieve stiffness, while ice packs reduce swelling and inflammation.
• Physical Therapy: A therapist can help you practice good posture techniques and middle back pain relief.
• Massage: Regular massages can help maintain flexibility and reduce pain. Always inform your masseuse about your condition to avoid tender spots.

Sleeping Tips

Sleeping can be challenging for those with AS. To improve sleep, consider using a specialized pillow or consult an expert on the best sleeping position for your back. Learn more about ways to sleep better during Ankylosing Spondylitis.

Conclusion

Living with Ankylosing Spondylitis can be challenging, but with proper treatment and lifestyle adjustments, you can manage symptoms effectively and maintain a good quality of life. Regular consultations with a specialist, combined with appropriate medication, exercise, and therapy, are key to managing this lifelong condition. If you’re struggling with AS, consider consulting a neurologist or scheduling a teleconsultation for personalized advice.

Also Read:

• Stroke: It’s A Choice! Don’t Call It A Disease.
• Risk Factors Of A Stroke
• Alzheimer’s Disease Effects On Brain

By taking proactive steps, you can effectively manage Ankylosing Spondylitis and enjoy a better quality of life.

by Dr Chandril Chugh

Food for Nerve Repair: 6 Foods to Heal Damaged Nerves

When it comes to cravings, it's tough to resist our favorite foods. But for those dealing with nerve damage or chronic pain, it’s crucial to be mindful of what you eat. Some foods can exacerbate nerve pain, while others can actually help heal damaged nerves. By incorporating specific foods into your diet, you can support nerve health and reduce pain and discomfort.

In this article, we’ll explore 6 Food for Nerve Repair and provide insights into how you can adjust your diet to support nerve regeneration and overall well-being.

Understanding Nerve Damage and Its Impact

Nerve damage can occur due to various reasons, including injuries, chronic conditions like diabetes, or nutritional deficiencies. Symptoms can include pain, tingling, numbness, and muscle weakness. While treatments are available, adjusting your diet to include Food for Nerve Repair can play a significant role in your recovery.

Consulting a healthcare professional before making any dietary changes is important, especially if you’re dealing with chronic nerve issues. If you’re in Patna, consider seeking advice from a Best Neurologist In Patna who can provide tailored guidance on how to manage and repair damaged nerves.

1. Foods Rich in Vitamin B: The Power of B-Complex

One of the most effective ways to support nerve health is by ensuring an adequate intake of B vitamins. Vitamin B-Complex includes B6, B12, and B1, all of which are essential for nerve function and repair. These vitamins can reduce nerve pain and enhance sensory perception.

• Vitamin B12: Found in sardines, salmon, tuna, mackerel, and cod, Vitamin B12 is crucial for nerve regeneration.
• Vitamin B1: Green peas, black beans, and lentils are great sources of Vitamin B1, which helps prevent nerve damage.
• Vitamin B6: Tuna and salmon are rich in Vitamin B6, which plays a role in neurotransmitter production and nerve health.

Vegetarians can opt for fortified foods to meet their B vitamin needs. However, before starting any new supplements, it’s advisable to consult a healthcare provider to ensure you’re taking the right dosage for your needs.

2. Green and Leafy Vegetables: Nature's Nerve Healers

Green leafy vegetables are packed with essential vitamins and minerals that support nerve health. They are especially rich in alpha-lipoic acid (ALA), a powerful antioxidant that helps relieve neuropathic pain and promotes nerve regeneration.

Incorporating vegetables like broccoli, asparagus, spinach, and kale into your daily diet can aid in the recovery of damaged nerves and reduce the symptoms of neuropathy. Regular consumption of these vegetables can also enhance overall well-being and support other aspects of health.

3. Ginger: The Anti-Inflammatory Superfood

Ginger, a common spice in many Indian households, is not just great for flavoring food—it's also a powerful anti-inflammatory agent. The active compound in ginger, gingerol, helps reduce nerve pain and inflammation.

For those suffering from neuropathy or nerve-related discomfort, incorporating ginger into your diet can provide significant relief. Ginger oil is also often used topically to reduce pain and irritation caused by nerve damage.

4. Low-Fat Dairy: Fuel for Nerve Repair

Low-fat dairy products are a staple in many diets, but they’re also packed with nutrients that support nerve health. Dairy contains acetyl-L-carnitine, an amino acid that functions as an antioxidant in the body and promotes the creation of healthy nerve cells.

Including low-fat options like milk, yogurt, and cheese in your diet can provide your body with the amino acids needed to repair damaged nerves and reduce nerve pain. The recommended dosage is about three grams of acetyl-L-carnitine daily for eight weeks to notice significant improvements.

5. Fruits: The Antioxidant Powerhouses

Fruits are a delicious way to boost nerve health. They are rich in antioxidants, which help reduce inflammation and support the healing of damaged nerves. Including a variety of fruits in your diet ensures that your body gets the necessary nutrients to combat oxidative stress and repair nerve damage.

Some of the best fruits for nerve health include apples, berries, oranges, and grapes. These fruits contain flavonoids like quercetin, which have anti-inflammatory properties that can soothe neuropathy pain and promote nerve healing.

6. Seeds: Small but Mighty Nerve Healers

Seeds like pumpkin seeds, flaxseeds, and chia seeds are nutritional powerhouses that support nerve health. They are rich in Benefits of Omega-3 Fatty Acids and essential micronutrients like potassium and magnesium, which are crucial for nerve function and repair.

Incorporating these seeds into your diet can help ease nerve pain and support the regeneration of damaged nerves. They’re easy to add to smoothies, salads, or even as a topping on yogurt, making them a convenient and effective way to boost your nerve health.

Foods to Avoid for Nerve Health

While incorporating the right foods into your diet is essential, it’s equally important to avoid foods that can aggravate nerve pain. Here are some tips:

• Gluten: If you have a gluten allergy, avoid gluten-containing foods as they can worsen nerve pain.
• Refined Grains: Switch to whole grains to maintain stable blood sugar levels, which can help reduce nerve pain.
• Added Sugars: Opt for natural sugars found in fruits rather than added sugars, which can increase inflammation.
• Saturated Fats: Choose lean alternatives and healthy fat sources to manage inflammation and reduce the risk of conditions like type 2 diabetes, which can lead to nerve damage.

FAQs About Foods That Can Heal Damaged Nerves

1. Can diet alone heal damaged nerves?
Diet plays a crucial role in supporting nerve health and can aid in the healing process. However, it’s important to combine a healthy diet with proper medical treatment and lifestyle changes for the best results.

2. How quickly can I expect to see results from dietary changes?
Results vary depending on the individual and the extent of nerve damage. Consistently following a diet rich in nerve-healing foods, along with medical guidance, can lead to improvements within a few weeks to a few months.

3. Are supplements necessary for nerve healing?
Supplements can be beneficial, especially if you’re not getting enough nutrients from your diet. Always consult with a healthcare provider before starting any supplements to ensure they’re appropriate for your needs.

4. Is it safe to make dietary changes without consulting a doctor?
While making healthy dietary choices is generally safe, it’s best to consult with a doctor or nutritionist, especially if you have underlying health conditions or are on medication.

5. How can I incorporate these nerve-healing foods into my daily diet?
Start by adding these foods to your meals in small, manageable ways—like incorporating leafy greens into your salads, adding seeds to your smoothies, or using ginger in your cooking.

Conclusion

Healing damaged nerves requires a comprehensive approach that includes the right diet, medical treatment, and lifestyle changes. By incorporating these 6 food for nerve repair into your daily routine, you can support your body’s natural healing process and reduce the symptoms of nerve damage. Remember, always consult with a healthcare provider before making significant changes to your diet or starting new supplements to ensure that your approach is safe and effective.

by Dr Chandril Chugh

Nerves Impact The Intensity Of Alzheimer’s : How?

Alzheimer’s is a neurological disorder that impedes the brain’s memory and ability to function. More commonly known as the memory loss disease, the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease is worldwide.  A person grappling with Alzheimer’s disease, the brain cells start to deplete to a stage where the brain’s size shrinks and the person’s memory is completely diminished. In Alzheimer’s disease, nervous system development is  severely affected. 

Who Does Alzheimer’s affect? 

Generally, it is people above the age of 65 who are at the risk of having this illness. This is because, with ageing, the brain shrinks along with loss of neurons. However, in case of Alzheimer’s patients, the neurons start degenerating rapidly, thus causing cognitive impairment and memory loss. Apart from this,  genetics too can be a factor that leads to Alzheimer’s. If Alzheimer’s runs in your family, you’re at a risk of it developing in you too. Neurological problems, such as stroke, head injuries, and other health conditions too, can affect the brain and lead to Alzheimer’s. In some serious cases, severe Alzheimer’s can lead to hemorrhage in the brain. 

Neuropathology of Alzheimer’s Disease 

Neurofibrillary tangles and Beta-amyloid plaques are mainly responsible for the damage caused to the brain cells. Apart from this, another important feature of this neurological disorder is depletion of nerves and loss of connection between the neurons. With time, the brain eventually shrinks and its normal way of working is impeded. Depending upon the intensity and severity of the disease, there are three types of Alzheimer’s disease - mild, moderate, and severe. A person goes through each of these stages as time progresses. 

The symptoms of Alzheimer’s intensify over the years. Some of them are given below- 

• Lack of energy or the zest to work
• Forgetting to carry out simple tasks
• Withdrawal from social life, signs of depression 
• Trouble understanding or interpreting words, symbols, etc.
• Struggling in solving problems, remembering directions 
• Slurred speech, and trouble putting words to thoughts 
• Confusion about the time and place, difficulty in remembering faces. 
• Wandering
• Delusions

How does Alzheimer’s affect the body?

Alzheimer’s is a progressive disease, meaning that the symptoms keep getting worse as time passes by. While the cognitive effects of Alzheimer’s disease are known to everyone, very few know how debilitating effect Alzheimer’s can have on the person’s body. Alzheimer’s disease kills you slowly over a period of time. It doesn’t hit you all at once, it is a slow burn, which at first affects the memory and gradually all of you.  Hence, many a time, one may miss the early signs of this disorder. 

Some of the physical challenges that a patient may notice are - 

• • Loss of balance and poor coordination 
  • Trouble in movements such as standing, sitting 
  • Shuffling or dragging feet while walking 

• Problems sleeping 

• Weak or stiffened muscles 
• Fatigue 
• Problems with bladder and bowels 
• Difficulty in chewing or swallowing food 
• Seizures or twitches 

Physical symptoms start showing up during the moderate stage of Alzheimer's. 

Alzheimer’s and Phantom pain

Phantom pain is a condition where one perceives or imagines the pain from the part of the body which no longer exists. It is a common condition amongst dementia patients to perceive pain. The degeneration of brain cells makes it difficult for Alzheimer's patients to explain or articulate pain. There’s no specific diagnosis of phantom pain, doctors can still identify them and treat them. 

Autonomic Dysfunction and Alzheimer’s 

Autonomic dysfunction is the medical condition where the nerves in the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) are damaged. This condition is usually common in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Autonomic nervous system regulates several involuntary movements in the body such as digestion, heart rate, respiratory rate, urination, etc. The effects of this disease can range from mild symptoms to severe life threatening conditions. 

Some of the symptoms of Autonomic Dysfunction are - 

1. Dizziness and fainting
2. Urinary problems, bladder issues, incontinence, etc.
3. Sexual problems in both men and women
4. Sweating abnormalities which indirectly affect the regulation of temperature in the body
5. Blurry vision, sluggish pupil reaction. 
6. Difficulty in digesting and other digestive issues such as bloating, constipation, diarrhoea  
7. Problems with heart rate. Exercise intolerance where there is difficulty in maintaining heart rate. 
8. Tremors and muscle weakness 

Researchers have observed that Alzheimer’s disease can lead to autonomic dysfunction. The nerve damage in this disease interrupts the messages sent between the brain and the other organs, as well as areas of the autonomic nervous system. It is necessary to seek consultation from a professional for proper diagnosis and treatment. Consult the best neurologist in Delhi for quick recovery and enhanced treatment.  

Alzheimer’s is a disease where the rapid loss of neurons affects the person, both mentally and physically. Simple, routine activities become a challenge. Going through the day, constantly forgetting stuff can make the patient moody, and frustrated. Living with Alzheimer’s is a difficult task. Not only is the person’s ability to remember is lost, there are other functions in the body that are impaired. It becomes necessary for the caretaker and the family members to give attention and care for people with Alzheimer’s. 

Also Read: 

• What Is Parkinson's Disease?

• 5 Tips To Cope With Tragic Flashbacks

• The Effects Of Depression In Your Body

by Dr Chandril Chugh