Development Of Nervous System In A Child :Its Importance

Development Of Nervous System In A Child: Its Importance

A newborn child is a universe in itself. The initial years are of most importance and require great care and attention. There are several changes taking place in the body as the growth takes place at an exponential rate. Most of the development in a child takes place in the first five years. Similarly, the development of the nervous system takes place in the initial years, which later helps the child to learn, speak, think, and carry out several activities. 

The development of nervous system, which comprises the brain and the spinal cord, starts right when the child is in the womb. 

The development of nervous system in childhood depends on various factors such as the child’s environment, relations, and experiences. At birth itself, the brain has approximately 100 billion to 1 trillion neurons. The well development of the brain depends upon proper nutrition and brain-building activities. 

In this blog, we will understand the entire development of nervous system in children. From pregnancy to school age, we will break down each stage, what affects it, and how parents can support it for a healthy future.

What is the Nervous System and Why It Matter in Children?

The nervous system controls everything, from lifting a finger to solving a puzzle. In children, it’s the base for growth, learning, and emotional balance.

There are two parts of the nervous system:

• Central Nervous System (CNS): Made up of the brain and spinal cord. It processes thoughts, movements, feelings, and memories.
• Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): Connects the brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body.

So how does it help children?

• Supports movement and reflexes, like crawling, walking, and blinking.
• Controls cognition, or how we think and make decisions.
• Helps with emotion regulation, such as calming down after crying.

In simple words, without a well-built nervous system, a child cannot reach basic milestones like talking, walking, or learning new skills.

Stages of Development of Nervous System in a Child

The development of nervous system doesn’t begin after birth. It starts inside the womb and continues into early teenage years. Let’s break it down stage by stage.

Prenatal Stage (Before Birth)

In this stage, everything begins. Even before a baby is born, the nervous system starts forming.

• The neural tube forms between the 3rd and 4th week of pregnancy.
• The brain and spinal cord start to grow from this tube.
• Folic acid is very important in this stage.
• Genes and the mother’s health play a key role.
• Harmful substances like alcohol or smoking can affect brain growth.

Stat: According to NIH, over 300,000 babies are born every year with neural tube defects.

Infancy (0–12 Months)

This is the time when the brain is growing at super speed.

• Billions of connections (called synapses) are made in the brain.
• Vision and hearing start becoming sharper.
• Myelination (a process that helps speed up signals) begins.
• Brain size doubles by the end of year one.

Toddler to Early Childhood (1–5 Years)

Your toddler is now running, talking, and showing personality. That’s all thanks to the nervous system.

• Language skills grow fast.
• Motor skills (like holding a spoon) improve.
• The prefrontal cortex grows. This area controls attention and decisions.
• By age 5, 90% of brain development is complete.

Late Childhood (6–12 Years)

Now comes the polishing phase. The base is already there.

• Brain connections get stronger and more useful.
• Child becomes better at memory, focus, and reasoning.
• Emotional understanding and social behavior grow.

The 6 Stages of Neuron Development in Children

The development of nervous system includes the growth and formation of neurons, which are cells that carry signals in the body. These stages start in the womb and continue through life. Here’s a breakdown:

These stages allow the brain to become faster, smarter, and more efficient. They are a natural part of growth but can be influenced by genetics, nutrition, and environment.

Why Healthy Nervous System Development Is So Important

A strong development of nervous system means your child can do better in life, both in school and outside.

Here’s why it matters:

• Sharp thinking: Better problem-solving and memory.
• Good emotions: Handles stress and makes friends.
• Body control: Better balance, walking, and quick responses.
• Learning: Picks up school lessons quickly and adapts fast.

Signs of Poor Nervous System Development

Sometimes, things don’t go right. And parents need to spot that early.

• Late walking or talking.
• Trouble learning letters, numbers, or sounds.
• Sensitive to lights, sounds, or touch.
• Sudden anger or sadness without clear reasons.

Stat: As per CDC (2023), 1 in 6 children in the U.S. has a developmental disability.

How to Support the Healthy Development of Nervous System in Your Child

Every parent wants to help. Here’s how you can support the development of nervous system at every stage.

During Pregnancy

• Start prenatal check-ups early.
• Take folic acid and eat balanced meals.
• Avoid smoking, drinking, and junk food.
• Practice relaxation methods like deep breathing.

In Early Childhood

• Serve a nutrient-rich diet (fruits, veggies, fish).
• Fix a proper sleep routine.
• Encourage active play, crawling, walking.
• Read and talk to the child daily.
• Respond to their needs with love and patience.

When to See a Specialist: Signs of Concern

Not every delay means something serious, but it’s smart to stay alert.

• Child isn’t walking by 18 months.
• No words spoken by age 2.
• Muscles feel too floppy or too tight.
• Child avoids eye contact or doesn’t show emotions.

In such cases, meet with a developmental pediatrician or pediatric neurologist.

Factors That Influence Nervous System Development in Children

Many things shape the development of nervous system. Some are in our control; some are not.

The importance of Development Of Nervous System

The nervous system is the engine of the human body. It controls every cell, tissue, and organ system in the body. Hence, it’s crucial that no harm is caused to the nervous system. If the nervous system is harmed, there can be grave repercussions. Every part of the nervous system carries out major functions in the body. The spine, the skull, and the vertebrae thus exist in order to protect these fragile systems.

Note from Dr. Chugh

As a neurologist, I’ve seen how early brain care changes a child’s life. Many parents worry when their child seems different, but acting early makes a big difference. Don’t wait if you see signs of concern.

A child is just as a delicate being as the nervous system. Thus, one needs to take utmost care while bringing them up. At times, because of some complications or heredity and environmental factors, there is the late development process of the nervous system.

In cases such as these, it is important that you seek guidance and treatment from a neurologist. Seek treatment from the best neurologist in Delhi for the well-being of your child. 

If you have questions about your child’s growth or development, feel free to reach out to our clinic.

Book a consultation with Dr. Chandril Chugh today.

Also Read:

• What Is Parkinson’s Disease?

• 5 Tips To Cope With Tragic Flashbacks

• The Effects Of Depression In Your Body

Frequently Asked Questions

1. When does the nervous system in a child start developing?

The nervous system starts developing between the 3rd and 4th week of pregnancy. This is when the neural tube forms, which later becomes the brain and spinal cord. For personalized guidance, book a consultation with Dr. Chugh.

2. What food helps in brain development in toddlers?

A diet rich in omega-3 fats, iron, folate, and protein helps with brain development in toddlers. Eggs, fish, spinach, and nuts are all excellent.

3. How can I tell if my baby’s brain is growing well?

You should see growth in movement, eye contact, babbling, and responding to sounds. If you notice delays, consult Dr. Chugh for a checkup.

4. What is the best age for early childhood brain development?

The first 5 years are most important. This is when early childhood brain development is at its peak. Reading, playing, and love during this phase help shape the brain.

5. Can problems in pregnancy affect the child’s nervous system?

Yes. Stress, toxins, poor diet, and infections can affect the prenatal nervous system. Regular checkups and healthy habits are key. Dr. Chugh can help you manage risks.