Dr Chandril Chugh

Everything you need to know about Ataxia

Ataxia gait can be described as the absence of muscle control or coordination of intentional actions, like walking, swallowing, balance, speech, and any kind of muscle coordination. Ataxia usually evolves as a result of injury to a portion of the brain called the cerebellum which is responsible for the coordination of muscle. The cerebellum is situated at the bottom of the brain just above the brainstem. You can be affected by Ataxia at any stage of your life. Inherited defective genes from your parents also can cause the illness. You will be amazed to know that Friedreich's ataxia, the most typical type of the said illness, affects roughly 1 in 50,000 humans in the USA. Ataxia is typically progressive, signifying it can get more threatening with time.

Let us grasp some knowledge about different types of Ataxia:-

1. Spinocerebellar Ataxia:

Classified into dozens of different types, this is a genetic Ataxia. Cerebellar ataxia is common to different types, nonetheless, further signs and symptoms, as well as the age of onset, differ depending on the specific gene mutation.

2. Ataxia-telangiectasia:

This uncommon, moderate youth sickness causes degeneration in the cerebellum. Telangiectasia is the development of smaller than normal red veins that could arise toward the edges of your youngster's eyes or on the ears and cheeks. It incapacitates the immune system of the young ones which may lead to illnesses including infections and cancers.

3. Episodic ataxia:

Episodic ataxia creates recurring disorder with activity and balance. These kinds of episodes can vary from several times to just one or two times annually.

4. Friedreich’s ataxia:

This common inherited ataxia includes harm to your cerebellum, spinal line, and fringe nerves. In Friedreich’s ataxia, the person experiences stiff muscles and gradually loses strength and feeling in their arms and legs, and even weakening of heart muscles.

5. Sensory ataxia:

When you have sensory ataxia, you have minor sensations in the feet and legs because of damaged nerves. This illness weakens the feedback that comes from the brain

6. Cerebellar Ataxia:

Cerebellar ataxia symptoms are wobbling, dropping down while walking or being precarious on stairs.

7. Truncal ataxia:

Also known as Ataxic gait is distinguished by uncertain starts and stops, lateral divagations, and unequal steps. It is a fluctuation of the trunk and is often seen while an individual is sitting position. It is most prominent while shifting postures or walking heel-to-toe.

Causes of Ataxia

There are miscellaneous causes for ataxia either due to a critical hurt or infection, or a regular degenerative cycle. We have listed some of them down below for you.

• Stroke, blockage, or internal bleeding in the brain.
• Infections
• Deficiency of vitamins like B-12, E, etc
• Thyroid problems
• Brain trauma.
• External or internal injury to head
• poisoning by lead, mercury, or other solvents

Let us now know the symptoms of Ataxia

Ataxia can develop several neurological disorders, overtime or can come on suddenly. Ataxia Symptoms can include:

• reduction in coordination while doing activities
• Having concern walking
• Incapacitated balance
• Heart issues
• Muscle twitching
• Garble while speaking
• Eyesight issues
• Tendency to stumble
• Hardship in swallowing

How do physicians analyze ataxia?

Generally, the Neurologist performs a physical exam and a neurological exam. But besides that specialists even check the patient's recollection and attention, eyesight, hearing, balance, and reflexes. Even laboratory tests might be conducted. These tests could include:-

Genetic testing: to determine whether the patient has the gene mutation that causes one of the inherited ataxic disorders.

CT scan - to determine possible casualties.

MRI - MRI can sometimes display shrinkage of the cerebellum and other brain parts in individuals with ataxia.

Lumbar puncture: to remove a sample of cerebrospinal fluid to examine it further in the laboratory.

Blood tests- to determine underlying reasons such as a stroke, tumor, or infection.

Ataxia treatment

There is no specific cure for ataxia. In some circumstances of cultivated ataxia, treatment is the underlying reason of cultivation, such as an infection, certain medications, or a vitamin deficiency. In certain scenarios, the specialist will treat the patient for the cause such as depression, stiffness, tremor, or will suggest adaptive devices or therapies to

cure ataxia. Medicines can assist in battling against symptoms and causes such as tremors, dizziness and can also treat muscle cramps.

Adaptive devices- Ataxia caused by cerebral palsy which leads to cerebral ataxia or ataxic cerebral palsy might not be curable. In such circumstances, neurologists recommend the patient with adaptive practices such as walking with the support of hiking sticks or walkers, having a meal in modified utensils, and communication aids for speaking.

Neuro specialists can also recommend therapies such as Physical therapy occupational therapy and Speech therapy.

Dr. Chandril Chugh is a trustworthy stroke specialist. He experienced comprehensive medical training in the United States of America. With over sixteen years of understanding in this field, he is reasonably known for his Kindness and fantastic service attitude among his patients. Not only does he take great consideration of his patient's fitness, but also he is delightful to speak with at every meeting. It’s rare to encounter a doctor that combines such personal touches and care for a patient as an individual with an outstanding quality of medical care.

FAQs

Q. What triggers ataxia?

ANS. Many circumstances can trigger ataxia, including too much liquor, certain prescriptions, cerebral palsy, stroke, tumor, and genes.

Q. What are the 3 types of ataxia?

ANS. The three variants of this disorder are vestibular ataxia, cerebellar ataxia, and proprioceptive ataxia.

Q. How long can you live with ataxia?

ANS. Life expectancy is generally limited than typical for individuals with innate ataxia, although some people can live well up to 50 plus. In serious cases, the condition can be lethal in adolescence or early adulthood.

Q. How quickly does ataxia progress?

ANS. Rapid progression may vary from weeks to months.

Q. What vitamin is good for ataxia?

ANS. VITAMIN E, VITAMIN B-12, and thiamine are good if you suffer from ataxia.

by Dr Chandril Chugh

Everything you need to know about Cluster headaches

Cluster headaches are one of the severely painful types of headaches on either side of the head, typically around the eye. A bunch of Cluster migraines generally stirs you in the night with remarkable torment in or around one eye on one side of your head. It occurs in cyclical patterns or bouts of frequent attacks (cluster periods). The recurrence of headaches during these cycles might go from one headache every other day to several headaches per day. Luckily, cluster headaches are not common and not perilous. Medicines are available in the market for cluster headache treatment which can make cluster headache assaults more limited and even less severe. Likewise, medications can lessen the number of cluster headaches you may suffer. Studies have shown that cluster headaches were more usually revealed by men than ladies, and between adolescence and middle age, however, can happen at whatever stage in life. Cluster headaches can be episodic and chronic, distinguished by their frequency of occurrence.

The most common cluster headache causes are:-

• Nerves- Two nerves are remembered to have a significant part in cluster headache are the trigeminal nerve and the facial nerve.
• Hereditary qualities - Cluster headache might run in certain families in an autosomal prevailing legacy pattern
• Tobacco smoking - Approximately 65% of people with CH are or have been, tobacco smokers.
• Hypothalamus - cluster headache patterns recommend that irregularities in the body's biological clock play a role.

Other potential triggers incorporate the utilization of medication, for example, nitroglycerin, a medication used to treat cardiac illness.

Unlike migraine and pressure headache, cluster headaches are mostly not related to triggers, like food varieties, hormonal changes, or stress.

Tips which will help to Prevent Cluster Headaches

• hot baths
• strenuous activities
• cocaine
• high altitudes
• alcohol
• tobacco smoking
• hot weather
• dishes with large amounts of nitrates

Few home remedies for cluster headaches:-

• Magnesium
• Capsaicin cream
• Melatonin
• Deep breathing exercises and yoga.

So that were a few cluster headache reasons of trigging now let us have a look at the Symptoms of Cluster Headache.   `

• Pain is generally situated in, behind, or around one eye, however may emanate to a different region of your face, head, and neck. One-sided pain
• Drooping eyelid on the affected side
• Excessive tearing from eyes
• Restlessness or agitation
• Forehead or facial sweating on the affected side
• Nausea or vomiting
• Redness of eye on the affected side
• The runny nose on the affected side
• Pale skin or flushing on your face
• Swelling around your eye on the affected side

Cluster Headache DIAGNOSIS

Cluster headache has a trademark kind of torment and pattern of attacks. An analysis relies upon the patient's description of the headache, including the patient's aggravation, the area and severity of your headaches, and related symptoms.

A neurological assessment might be helpful for the specialist with distinguishing actual indications of a neurological problem. The test is generally common in patients with cluster headaches. The doctor will utilize a progression of systems to evaluate the patient's brain function including testing your faculties, reflexes, and nerves.

If the patient has strange or complicated headaches or an unusual neurological assessment, the doctor may prescribe brain imaging tests which may include:-

• MRI.-  utilizes a strong magnetic field and radio waves to create detailed pictures of your brain and blood vessels.
• CT scan. utilizes a progression of X-beams to make itemized cross-sectional pictures of your brain.

KNOW ABOUT Cluster Headache remedies and treatment

 In the case of Cluster headache, one's treatment involves relieving and preventing your headache symptoms using medication. In intriguing cases, when relief from discomfort and preventive treatment doesn't work, your primary care physician might suggest a medical procedure. Torment medicine diminishes your headache torment whenever it has started. The remedy includes breathing 100% pure oxygen which will result in relives from the symptoms. Another way to ease the headache is to take the help of nasal spray medication, or other triptan medications to constrict blood vessels to relieve pain.

Dr. Chandril Chugh is one of the best Neurologists in the capital. With the experience of over 16 years, Dr. Chandril Chugh is now a senior consultant and head of interventional neurology at Max Super Specialty Hospital, Saket Delhi. Dr. Chandril Chug's knowledge and U.S.- based training assist him in treating all issues like brain and spine including aneurysms, stroke, back/neck pain, or headaches. Dr. Chandril Chug conducts live consultations which have likewise helped individuals in more than one way in disposing of their medical problems and keep carrying on with a solid life.

FAQs

• Q What is the main cause of cluster headaches? 

ANS - The specific reason for cluster headaches is obscure, however, cluster headache patterns propose that anomalies in the hypothalamus (body's natural clock) play a role. 

• Q How do you break a cluster headache?

ANS- Often, a cluster headache will stop before you have a chance to see a Doctor but if ever cluster headache isn't getting under control and you get a chance to see one then they will provide you with injected medications or a nasal spray. The health care provider will also you an oxygen mask with a 100% pure oxygen supply which will help you to ease the pain.

• Q Does caffeine help cluster headaches?

ANS - Adding caffeine to your diet plan may or may not be a good idea. The connection between caffeine and headache is unclear to a lot. Caffeine has been involved as a trigger in numerous sorts of headaches, but then it is likewise powerful as an adjuvant treatment to normal analgesics

• Q What helps a cluster headache behind the eye?

ANS- Inhaling pure oxygen may relieve cluster headaches. As well as nasal triptans like sumatriptan and lidocaine, there are nasal drops containing the active ingredient. Some people take medicines such as verapamil (Calan, Verelan) or prednisone to prevent attacks.

by Dr Chandril Chugh

Everything you need to know about the risk factors for stroke

Stroke is the most common neurological disorder owing to the sedentary lifestyle and unhealthy diet. It is a disease of the brain that occurs when a blood vessel gets ruptured, leading to cut off the supply of blood flow and oxygen in the brain’s tissue. Therefore, it is sometimes called ‘Brain attack’.

It is a medical emergency that needs immediate action. When oxygen supply is not reaching the brain cells and tissues, it causes failure and dies within minutes.

Types of Stroke

1. Ischemic stroke (Clots) In this stroke, obstruction of blood vessels that supply blood to the brain occurs by formation of clots. It can be a blood clot or other particles like deposition of fatty acids called plaque that cause blockage by building up in the blood vessels. In the majority of strokes, clot formation is the major cause of obstruction.
2. Silent stroke or silent cerebral infarction (SCI) is like a brain injury caused by blood clot formation that cuts off blood supply to the brain. The symptoms of silent stroke include slight loss in memory, lack of balance in the body, temporary loss of basic muscle movement, impairment of cognitive skills and ability.
3. Hemorrhagic stroke (Bleeds) In this stroke, the weakened blood vessel ruptures and bursts in the brain. The blood then accumulates and builds up in the surrounding brain tissue. This leaked blood compresses and puts high pressure on surrounding tissue, damaging the brain cells. The two types of weakened blood vessels that cause hemorrhagic stroke are Cerebral aneurysms and arteriovenous malformation.
4. Transient ischemic attack (TIA) it is also called mini stroke. In this stroke, temporary blockage of blood flow to the brain occurs. The blockage is usually not longer than 5 minutes, therefore, it is usually ignored. However, it is a warning sign for full blown future strokes. TIA can occur in any age group, but usually risk increases with age. TIA can act as a signal for a second stroke in future. If you already had a first stroke, then pay much needed attention to the warning signals. On an average 15% of all people suffer from major stroke within 3 months of TIA. Some common warning signals are weakness, numbness or paralysis of one side of the body, severe headache, dizziness, problem in understanding others, blindness in one or both eyes.
5. Brain stem stroke in this stroke, the brainstem is affected. It may have complex symptoms which are difficult to diagnose. It affects both sides of the body and leaves it in a locked- in state. The function of the brain stem is to control the central nervous system, regulates consciousness, blood pressure and breathing. A stroke in the brain stem can cause impairment of one or more functions. The severe brain strokes can cause locked- in syndrome in which the person is not able to move the part below the neck. Like all other strokes, the brain stem has a wide spectrum of symptoms and risk factors. The risk factors for brain stem strokes are high blood pressure, diabetes, heart disease, atrial fibrillation and smoking.

What are the most common risk factors for stroke and their prevention?

1. Control high blood pressure high blood pressure or hypertension is the primary cause of stroke that is more common in people nowadays. Simultaneously it is the significant controllable risk factor. Regularly check your blood pressure, know your numbers and keep them under check. Manage the high blood pressure level.
2. Do moderate exercise 5 times a week physical inactivity leads to stroke, heart disease, high blood pressure, high cholesterol level, obesity. Regular exercise is suggested by doctors, however, do not do vigorous exercise. Exercise will help in breakdown of fatty acid deposits and thereby, reduce cholesterol.
3. Eat a healthy, balanced diet Diets that are rich in saturated fats and cholesterol can raise the blood cholesterol level which in turn, accumulates in the blood vessels leading to stroke. The food high in sodium salt leads to high blood pressure and intake of high calorie food results in obesity. These factors increase stroke risk even more. First, take proper guidance and know your body type, the levels of minerals in the body in order to avoid potent barriers to a healthy body.
4. Reduce your cholesterol the presence of large amounts of cholesterol in the body leads to blood clots, a primary reason for stroke. However, some reports show that low level of high-density lipoprotein is a risk factor for stroke in men
5. Avoid smoking and avoid second hand exposure the composition of nicotine and carbon monoxide in the smoke of cigarettes can potentially damage the cardio- vascular system. Studies show that smoking while using birth control pills causes the risk of stroke even more severe.
6. Identify and treat atrial fibrillation some of the common heart diseases can increase the risk for stroke. For example- Atrial fibrillation, a heart rhythm disorder causes a clot that can reach to the brain and leads to stroke. In addition, if you have sleep apnea that is linked to Atrial fibrillation and increases the risk of stroke.
7. Diabetes in diabetes, the person has low or no production of insulin, also unable to use the insulin for glucose uptake. Insulin is a peptide hormone vital for conversion of glucose into energy stored form in the body. In case of diabetes, sugar level will rise in the blood and prevent oxygen and nutrients from reaching various tissues, including brain cells. Some factors like high blood pressure are associated with diabetic person and increase the risk of stroke.

What are the 5 warning signs of a stroke?

1. Uneven smile on person’s face or droop in face movement.
2. The numbness in arms or weakness is the warning sign.
3. Slurred speech is the indication of stroke.
4. Having trouble with vision in one or both eyes.
5. Losing consciousness, trouble walking.

Can you detect a stroke before it happens?

1. You can use the FAST test to check the most common symptoms in order to detect in the early stage.
2. Face: Ask the person to smile and see it is uneven or if one side of the face droops.
3. Arms: Ask the person to raise both the arms. If a person is not able to raise arms or one arm drops down.
4. Speech: Ask the person to randomly repeat a sentence and check for slurred speech.
5. Time: If you observe these signs, contact the doctor immediately.
6. For further queries and details, ask the stroke specialist Dr. Chandril Chugh.

by Dr Chandril Chugh

Unlocking Lumbar Lordosis Disease: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Insights

In the neck, upper back, and lower back, everyone’s spine exhibits slight curves. These natural curves, including the lordotic (neck and lower back) and kyphotic (upper back) curves, provide essential functions such as shock absorption, support for the head, alignment, stability, and flexibility.

However, when the lumbar curvature becomes excessive, it leads to a condition known as lumbar lordosis, also referred to as swayback. Lumbar lordosis occurs when the natural curve of the lower back arches too far inward. This can cause discomfort, pain, and mobility issues, affecting an individual’s ability to move freely and perform daily activities.

Shock Absorber: The spinal curves act as shock absorbers, cushioning the impact of daily activities on the spine.

Weight Support: The curves support the weight of the head and distribute it evenly along the spine.

Structural Stability: By maintaining the S-shaped structure, the spine stays stable and functional.

Flexibility: The curves allow the spine to move and bend with ease, facilitating various movements.

However, when the lumbar lordotic curvature becomes exaggerated, it leads to lordosis or swayback, causing discomfort and mobility issues. This condition affects both the lower back and neck, resulting in pain and restricted movement.

Causes of Lumbar Lordosis Disease

Several factors contribute to the development of lumbar lordosis disease, including:

• Spondylolisthesis: A condition where vertebrae slip forward onto the bone below, often requiring therapy or surgery.
• Achondroplasia: A type of dwarfism that affects bone growth and development.
• Osteoporosis: A bone disease characterized by decreased bone density, increasing the risk of fractures.
• Osteosarcoma: A type of bone cancer that can affect the spine and lead to lordosis.
• Obesity: Excess weight puts strain on the spine, leading to postural abnormalities like lordosis.

Types of Lordosis

In the lower back, there is a condition known as lordosis.

The most prevalent lordotic curve is in the lower back, often known as the lumbar spine. Lying on your back on a level surface is the most straightforward technique to check for this condition. With a bit of room to spare, you should be able to move your hand under your lower back.

An individual with lordosis has more space between their back and the surface of the spine. When they stand, a noticeable C-like arch will appear in case of excessive curvature. Their abdomen and buttocks will also protrude from the side.

Cervical Lordosis

Your neck should be shaped like a comprehensive C in a healthy spine, with the curve going backwards. If your neck spine does not curve as it should, you have cervical lordosis.

This might indicate that the curvature is overly steep. The curvature is in the wrong direction, referred to as reverse cervical lordosis. The curve has moved to the right. The curve has moved to the left.

Signs and Symptoms of Lumbar Lordosis Disease

Muscle discomfort is the most prevalent sign of lumbar lordosis disease. Your muscles are tugged in different directions when your spine bends unnaturally, causing them to tense or spasm. This pain may spread to your neck, shoulders, and upper back. You may also have trouble moving your neck or lower back.

Whether you're resting on a level surface, look for a lot of space between the curvature of your neck and back and the floor to see if you have lordosis. You may have lordosis if you can easily slide your hand through the gap.

Make an appointment with your doctor if you have any other symptoms, such as:

• Numbness
• Tingling
• Electric shock discomfort
• Weak bladder control
• Weakness
• Difficulty maintaining muscle control.

Diagnosis and Treatment of lumbar lordosis disease

To establish if you have lumbar lordosis disease, your doctor will review your medical history, do a physical exam, and inquire about additional symptoms. For example, your doctor will ask you to lean forward and to the side during the physical examination. They're looking at things like whether the curve is flexible or not, your range of motion, and if your spine is aligned.

Your doctor will prescribe tests after narrowing down the likely reasons, such as X-rays of your spine to check the angle of your lordotic curve. Next, your doctor will assess whether or not you have lordosis by comparing the rise to other parameters such as your height, age, and body mass.

Most patients with lumbar lordosis disease do not require medical treatment unless complicated. The severity of your curvature and the existence of additional symptoms will determine how you are treated for lumbar lordosis disease.

Conclusion

Understanding lumbar lordosis disease is crucial for effective management and prevention of complications. By incorporating proper treatment strategies and seeking timely medical intervention, individuals can mitigate the impact of lumbar lordosis disease on their overall health and well-being.

by Dr Chandril Chugh

What Is Brain Fog?

A feeling of mental sluggishness and fuzziness is called brain fog, but it isn't a medical condition. However, it can be a symptom of other health conditions.

Although brain fog meaning indicates it isn't a medical term, many patients with chronic illnesses are familiar with it. Brain fog is referred to by various titles, including "foggy brain" and "fibro fog." Brain fog refers to a loss of mental clarity, impaired focus, and other symptoms in more technical terms.

Living while your brain feels foggy is no simple task. It impacts everything you do during the day and every encounter you have. Below are things that only you can understand if you have brain fog.

Brain Fog: What Causes It?

Brain fog can be caused by a variety of circumstances and health issues, including:

1. Sleep deprivation
2. Stress has risen.
3. Depression
4. Dementia
5. Perimenopause
6. Medication
7. Thyroid illnesses, for example, are hormonal abnormalities.
8. In this context, multiple sclerosis is a chronic illness.
9. Vitamin B12 insufficiency is one example of a nutrient deficit.
10. Viral illnesses include COVID-19, SARS, and H1N1.

Because these elements frequently coexist, it's pretty uncommon for brain fog test to be induced by a combination of two or three of them.

Depression, for example, might result in a lack of sleep or vice versa. Stress can also disrupt your sleep and lead to sadness. Sleep deprivation and sadness are common side effects of perimenopause.

What are Brain Fog  Symptoms?

You could have trouble with cognitive skills if you have brain fog, such as:

1. Concentrating on a single topic or concept
2. Things that come to mind
3. Multitasking
4. Following up on discussions
5. Being aware of your environment
6. Headaches and mental weariness are two common signs of brain fog.

7. 

How to cure Brain Fog?

Here are some suggestions for brain fog treatment:

Get adequate sleep: Sleep is essential for clearing toxic poisons from your brain and body, leading to brain fog. Make it a point to stick to a regular sleep pattern and obtain seven to nine hours every night. Before going to bed, avoid using electronic devices such as your phone, laptop, or television.

Keep your mind active: By engaging in cognitively exciting activities and making an attempt to explore new things. For example, take an alternative route to work, attempt a new approach to a chore you undertake daily or listen to new music. This can aid in creating norepinephrine, a brain chemical that stimulates the brain.

Avoid multitasking: Attempting to complete two tasks that require conscious thought at the same time will drain your energy and reduce your productivity. Rather, concentrate on one issue at a time.

Work on your memory: If you're prone to forgetting stuff, consider various memory-enhancing techniques. Rhymes, mnemonics, and visual or verbal clues, for example, can help you recall crucial information. You can also try repetition; for example, if someone says your name, repeat it back to them to help you remember it.

Take mental breaks: Make it a point to take a few mental breaks during the day where you don't worry about anything and are entirely present in the moment. For example, close your eyes, go for a brief walk, or gaze out the window.

Slow down and concentrate: All of your attention on one activity if you become distracted by several activities or lose focus. Then, no matter how minor the task is, work on accomplishing it.

Maintain a social life: Social activities can help you enhance your mood, memory, and cognition.

Deep thinking: Each day, spend a little time engaged in deep thought to exercise your mind. Spend 10 minutes pondering the substance of an article, for example, if you've just finished reading it.

Consider meditating: Meditation can help you calm your mind and body while reducing tension.

Regular exercise is essential: Physical activity can help you feel better mentally.

Maintain a healthy diet: A well-balanced diet, such as the Mediterranean diet, can aid memory, cognition, and brain function.

Alcohol and drugs should be avoided: These chemicals can degrade your senses and harm your brain.

Conclusion

The unsettling sensation of being disoriented is known as "brain fog." It might be challenging to concentrate on jobs, remember details, or pay attention to what's happening around you. It might also make you feel strange and out of place.

Many people, for example, may have periodic bouts of brain fog if they haven't had enough sleep or if they have allergies and are on antihistamine medicine. On the other hand, some medical disorders can induce persistent brain fog.

For anyone experiencing the same brain fog symptoms, contact Dr Chandril Chugh.

Dr Chandril Chugh is one of the best neurologists in Delhi.

by Dr Chandril Chugh

7 memory exercises to help prevent short term memory, memory loss and to increase mental fitness.

7 memory exercises to help prevent short term memory, memory loss and to increase mental fitness.

While you may be aware that you should exercise your body, did you realise that you should also do mental exercises? You've most likely heard the saying "use it or lose it." However, many scientists feel that this adage pertains to brain health.

Brain exercises rage these days, with many people touting it as a means to improve your mind and even increase intellect. While many cognitive scientists believe that statements about mind exercises are overblown and misleading, there is a growing body of evidence showing some sorts of brain exercises to improve memory.

Take Care of Your Body to Take Care of Your Mind

If you want to care for your intellect, you must first care for your body. According to research, people who participate in healthy habits such as exercise and an adequate diet are less vulnerable to the cognitive losses linked with the ageing process.

According to 2006 research, exercise can make you smarter and preserve your brain from shrinking as you age. In 2013, a study on mice indicated that exercise could promote neurogenesis, or the development of new exercise your brain cells, in the brain's hippocampus.

One 2013 study examined healthy habits in approximately 2,300 males over thirty years. Beginning in middle age, researchers examined the individuals' behavioural and cognitive capacities and followed their growth until old age.

The researchers discovered that males who engaged in particular healthy habits were roughly 60% less likely to develop cognitive impairment and dementia as they age.

These healthy behaviours included avoiding smoking, maintaining a healthy BMI, frequently exercising, eating plenty of vegetables and fruits, and drinking just a tiny quantity of alcohol.

So, if you want to improve your mental health, start with your physical health. For example, go for a stroll, start eating more fresh fruits and vegetables, and attempt to break any unhealthy habits, such as excessive alcohol use or cigarette usage. Some of these may be tougher than others, but your brain workout will reward you for it for many years to come.

Draw a Map of Your Town From Memory

While you may believe you can navigate your area's streets with your eyes closed, consider testing your brain by sketching a map of your town or neighbourhood from memory. No swindling! Include important thoroughfares, prominent side streets, and local landmarks.

When you're finished, compare your memory map to a real-world map of the region. How did you fare? Are you shocked by some of the items you overlooked? Next, try sketching a less known location from memory, such as the United States or Europe map and labelling each state or nation.

When you're behind the wheel of your automobile, driving to the store or the doctor's office may seem straightforward and even automatic. Forcing yourself to recall the layout of your neighbourhood and sketch and name it, on the other hand, helps stimulate a range of parts of your brain.

Discover Something New

This brain workout demands some dedication, but it may provide you with the greatest bang for your dollars. Learning something new is one method to keep your brain active and offer new challenges regularly.

In one study, elderly people were allocated to acquire various new skills, ranging from digital photography to sewing. They next performed memory tests and compared the experimental and control groups. Those in the control groups had engaged in enjoyable but undemanding activities such as viewing movies and listening to the radio.

They also observed that these memory enhancements remained when tested again a year later. You may try learning a new language, learning to play a musical instrument, or picking up a new pastime. Not only will you be extending your mind, but you will also be always learning something new as you grow your talents and achieve more success.

Use Your Non-Dominant Hand

Following that is an intriguing brain workout that one neurobiologist believes may help "keep your brain alive."

In his book, Keep Your Brain Alive: 83 Neurobic Exercises to Help Prevent Memory Loss and Increase Mental Fitness, neurobiologist Lawrence Katz advocates using your non-dominant hand to train your intellect. Because using your opposite hand may be so tricky, it can be an excellent technique to stimulate brain function.

Try swapping hands while eating supper or writing anything down. It will be challenging, but that is just the goal. You may try learning a new language, learning to play a musical instrument, or picking up a new pastime. You will also be learning something new as you grow your talents and achieve more success.

Socialize

Socialising engages numerous parts of the brain, and many social activities involve physical components, such as sports, which are equally helpful to your thinking.

Even if you are a lifelong introvert, pursuing social contacts can benefit your brain in both the short and long term. Signing up for volunteer activities in your community, joining a club, joining a neighbourhood walking group, and staying in touch with friends and family are all ways to be socially connected.

Meditate

Meditation is a brain exercises for adults workout you may not have considered, but it may be beneficial. Mindfulness meditation, in particular, is gaining popularity, with proponents including positive psychologists, business executives, and alternative health practitioners. Consider some evidence confirming the numerous advantages of meditation before dismissing this old Buddhist tradition as too New Age for you.

Brain Teasers

You've undoubtedly heard of, or perhaps tried, some of the many brain training games, websites, and apps available. Many of these products promise that digital brain workouts may improve your mental flexibility, keep you cognitively sharp as you age, and even make you smarter.

If you know someone suffering from a neurological disorder, then consult Dr Chandril Chugh. He is a US-trained neurologist specialising in minimally invasive brain procedures with 16 years of experience.

by Dr Chandril Chugh

How to train the mind to be healthy and active?

There are numerous healthy mind tips that you should keep in mind, including brain healthy foods and tips to train your mind for greater brainpower and superior brain functioning alike.

How to keep the brain healthy and active

There are many tips that you can follow in this regard:

• Playing Games- There are many active brain exercises, brain training games, modules, programs and other games that you can play. This is a great way to keep challenging your brain and keep it agile and sharp. You can also solve the crossword, do Sudoku and play other electronic games that keep you mentally alert. You can spend just 15-30 minutes each day on brain games and they will be fun experiences while giving you intangible yet vast benefits in turn.
• Meditating- You can meditate each day to boost mental health considerably. Meditation helps in relaxing your senses while engaging your brain through a whole new mental state.
• Eating specific items- You can try consuming active brain food such as olive oil, flaxseed and walnuts, along with fish oils, nuts and more. Ensure that you consume less saturated fats and more of these brain-healthy food items. Trans-fats should be completely cut out from your diet plan.
• Storytelling- Stories help in building the foundation of memories, communication and interpretation of various events and also sharing experiences with others. Practice storytelling in a manner that is fun and interesting for others. This will help you engage your brain greatly.
• Watch television sparingly- Do not watch television for hours each day. Turn off the television and spend time exercising your mind, reading, gathering knowledge, learning new things, relaxing, exercising and spending fun times with your family members and loved ones.
• Exercising- Physical exercise is great for engaging and stimulating the brain. Your brain has to constantly learn new muscle movements and skills in the process.
• Reading- Keep reading new and different things to challenge your brain constructively. This will interest you and help you diversify your overall spectrum greatly. Imagination helps in giving a solid workout to your brain.
• Learning- Learn new skills, techniques and take up new hobbies. This will challenge and invigorate your brain and give you something to cherish.
• Shaking up your routine- Change your routine periodically, including chores, hobbies and activities in varying amounts. Keep your brain young and active by constantly challenging it. Go through different routes to your regular haunts, do things in varying order and breakthrough stifling daily routines every once in a while.

How to improve brain functions

You can enhance overall brain functioning in the following ways:

• Boost your diet plan by including brain-healthy foods and also consuming more fresh vegetables, fruits, nuts, fish oils, olive oil and soon.
• Keep your blood pressure in check with regular exercise, limited consumption of alcohol, lower stress and a proper diet.
• Maintain optimal blood sugar levels and combat diabetes with the right diet plan, exercise and keeping the pounds off.
• Check cholesterol levels and make sure that you combat HDL or bad cholesterol which is associated with diverse health risks. Controlling your weight, exercising and following the right meal plan will help you check and maintain your cholesterol levels.
• Drink in moderation and avoid tobacco usage.
• Care for yourself and your emotions. Get good rest and make sure that you nurture your passions.
• Safeguard your head, keeping head injuries at bay.
• Build your social communities and networks, especially as you grow older. This is a must for enhancing brain health and improving brain functioning greatly.

If you know someone suffering from a neurological disorder, then contact Dr Chandril Chugh. He is the best neuro physician.

by Dr Chandril Chugh

Types of Headaches

Understand What are the Different Types Of Headaches

At some point or the other, every individual has experienced headaches. For some, it might be short-lived, while for others, headaches may have become a regular part of their existence. According to World Health Organisation (WHO) statistics, almost 50% of the adult population suffers from one or the other form of headache.

 According to the International Classification of Headache Disorders, more than 150 headaches are divided into primary and secondary headaches.

Learning about the types of headaches and the location of the pain can help mitigate the effects and also assist in analysing if medical attention is required.

What causes headaches?

Before we delve into headaches, let us first understand the different factors that may trigger headaches. Some of the most  common and prominent triggers are:

• Stress
• Bad posture
• Change in sleep patterns
• Poor sleep
• Alcohol in general and red wine in particular
• Food such as processed meat containing nitrates
• Dehydration
• Coronavirus
• Concussion
• Toothache
• Poisoning
• Hangover
• Acute Sinusitis
• Neck cramps
• Brain tumour
• Glaucoma
• Ear infection
• Panic attack
• Anxiety attack
• Stroke
• Overmedication
• Hormonal change
• Loud noise
• Bright lighting
• Skipping of meals
• Chain Smoking

Types of headaches to worry about:

This article will look at the most common types of headaches and learn tips and tricks for better management and when to seek medical attention.

1- Migraine headaches:

Migraine headaches are widespread. Here, a person will have an intense throbbing on one side of the head which can be very painful. In addition, migraines can result in a heightened sensitivity to smell, sound and light and may experience frequent nausea.

Some patients may also develop an aura sensation before the headache begins. Migraines may often be accompanied with:

• Muscle weakness.
• Seeing flickering lights.
• Blurry vision.
• Tingles.
• Difficulty in speaking.
• Sensory and visual disturbances.

2- Cluster Headache:

A cluster headache is one wherein there the headache occurs recurrently. People suffering from recurring headaches often suffer from excruciating pain around one eye or behind one eye.

This headache can appear suddenly out of the blue and last up to three hours. However, it may also last only for about 15 minutes. The cause of cluster headache is still unclear, but you need to seek immediate medical attention if a fever accompanies the headache.

 Moreover, cluster headaches are often accompanied by other symptoms such as

• An eyelid that is swollen
• Watery eyes
• An agitated feeling or general restlessness
• Photosensitivity
• Audio Sensitivity
• A runny nose

3- Headache arising out of tension:

Headaches such as these are widespread, and almost every adult has experienced them at some point or the other. Here, the patient will feel a constant dull pain on both sides of his head. The duration of these headaches can last for thirty minutes or even an hour.

Headaches arising out of stress and tension also may present with themselves duration with other symptoms such as

• Light sensitivity
• Sound sensitivity
• Face, head, neck, and shoulders are tender and feel stressed
• Pressurised feeling behind the eyes.

The common triggers of this type of headache are usually stress and anxiety.

4- Headache caused due to exertion:

Unlike the previous headache caused by mental factors, this type of headache is usually caused by intense physical activity. Therefore, the short-lived duration may also last for a couple of days.

Patients will feel a throbbing pain inside their head, and such type of headaches is presently found in people who have a migraine family history. The factors that trigger  an exertional headache includes:

• Jumping
• Weight lifting
• Chronic cough
• Constant sneezing
• Running
• Sexual intercourse

If such a headache does not stop and persists for a prolonged period, you must seek medical attention since it might indicate something more serious.

5- A Hypnic Headache:

Hypnic headaches are rare conditions that only appear after crossing 50. It is also known as “alarm clock headaches” since it mainly occurs in the middle of the night and causes the patient to awake from his sweet slumber because of the throbbing pain. 

A hypnic headache may occur a couple of times a week and can last for up to 3 hours. However, there are no clearly known triggers, and such headaches are usually harmless.

6- Sinusitis headaches:

Such a headache is prevalent in people suffering from sinusitis. Sinusitis occurs when the sinuses are inflamed either from an allergy or an infection.

Such a headache will be felt on the face, the eyes, the cheeks and the top of the nose bridge. The pain can even spread to the teeth and the jaw on some occasions.

7- Headaches caused by caffeine:

Such headaches are more prominent in those people whose caffeine consumption is above the standard prescribed value. The average defined value for caffeine consumption is 400 mg per day, translating into around 4 cups.

Headache can occur as a symptom of caffeine withdrawal, which can develop twelve to fourteen years post caffeine withdrawal. It may last for about two days, while it may perform for 9-10 days. Headaches are often accompanied by other symptoms such as nausea. 

• Nausea
• Mood swings
• Irritation
• Concentration difficulties
• Lethargy

These are the most common types of headaches, and it is essential to understand which category your headache belongs to. The different types of headaches will require medical attention if the pain worsens or persists even after taking over the counter medication such as ibuprofen. Moreover, knowing the types of headaches will also help you reduce the triggers associated with them.

Are you suffering from headaches? Schedule an appointment with Dr Chandril Chugh, who provides headache treatment. 

by Dr Chandril Chugh

Things to Know About Vertigo

Have you ever felt a sudden spin when standing up? Or has a sudden jerking movement suddenly caused you to feel dizzy, leading to a shift in your reality? If your answer is YES to these questions, you might be suffering from Vertigo.

In this article, we shall read about the different facts associated with vertigo, early symptoms, side effects of vertigo, and what triggers vertigo and other related information. But before we delve into all this, let us first understand what vertigo is.

What is Vertigo?

Vertigo can be described as a condition wherein a person experiences a spinning sensation and feels like their environment is going around in circles. Some people may describe vertigo as a phobia of heights, but this will not be correct again.

Vertigo is a symptom of many other illnesses and not a disease itself.

Facts about Vertigo

1- Vertigo is more common than you think

Vertigo can occur at any age, especially as one gets older.  However, before the age of twenty, vertigo is very rare or even abysmal. After one crosses the age

of 65, the probability of getting vertigo is very high.

2- The early symptoms of vertigo is varied and not limited to one

 A person suffering from vertigo, apart from the dizziness and head spins, might also experience other vertigo attack symptoms such as 

• Feeling of lightheadedness.
• Nausea.
• Vomiting.
• Headaches.
• Constant feeling of motion sickness.
• Tinnitus.
• A full feeling in the ears.
• Uncontrollable movement of eyes.
• Nystagmus.

These are some of the vertigo attack symptoms that people experience. If you ever have any of these symptoms, contact your doctor immediately.

3- There is no single cause of vertigo. 

The causes of vertigo are varied, and no one condition leads to vertigo. Usually, Vertigo is caused by an imbalance in the CNS or central nervous system or a problem in the inner ear. How common is vertigo? It is more common than you think.

Some of the most common causes of vertigo are:

• Labyrinthitis is caused by an inflammation of the vestibulocochlear nerve within the inner ear. This nerve is responsible for sending information to the brain about motions made by the head, sounds and head position.
• Vestibular neuritis results from an inflammation of the vestibular neuritis. This condition can cause vertigo and other symptoms such as blurry vision and off-balance feeling or nausea.
• Cholesteatoma or a skin growth that is non-cancerous which develops in the middle ear as a result of repeated infection. This condition can lead to dizziness, loss of hearing and vertigo.

Meniere Disease is caused by a buildup of fluid in the inner ear and triggers vertigo accompanied by a ringing in the inner ears and hearing loss.

Other factors causing vertigo are:

•  Syphilis
•  Herpes Zoster Oticus
•  Otosclerosis
•  Ataxia, leading to muscle weakness
• A transient ischemic attack or a mini-stroke
• Brain stem disease or Cerebellar
• Multiple sclerosis
•  Acoustic neuroma
•  Head injury
•  Migraines
• Ear surgery
• Perilymphatic fistula
•  Prolonged bed rest
•  Chronic medication

4- Vertigo during pregnancy is common

If you’re wondering what triggers vertigo during pregnancy and are there any side effects of vertigo, then read on. According to experts, dizziness is a very common feature during pregnancy. This is because hormones are constantly changing during pregnancy, which directly affects the fluid level of the body. When there is a change in the level of fluids in the inner ear, it can lead to vertigo and a precarious balance. 

Since there are alterations in the inner ear during pregnancy, vertigo becomes a common feature in many pregnant women.

5- Can ear problems cause dizziness?

An infection or imbalance of our inner ear can cause vertigo. This is because the vestibular system responsible for our sense of balance resides within the inner ear. Hence any ear infection can make us susceptible to vertigo.

6- Vertigo is of two types: Acute and chronic

In the case of chronic vertigo, the people suffering from it will experience it only once or twice and may never again experience vertigo throughout their lifetime. However, if it persists, then it can be termed chronic vertigo.

7- Vertigo can be cured

Often, mild vertigo is cured naturally. However, if it persists, it can be treated either by a general practitioner, ENT specialists, or neurologists.

Certain exercises can also help improve vertigo, such as vestibular rehabilitation exercises or eye movement exercises such as side to side eye movement or even Tai Chi. 

8- Surgery can also be a remedy for Vertigo.

Surgery is not often required for vertigo. It is only recommended if conservative measures do not work. However, surgical procedures are accompanied by hearing loss risks.

9- Vertigo can also be hereditary

Vertigo may not necessarily be hereditary, but some symptoms may be genetic.

Some examples are:

1- Migrainous Vertigo

2- Familial Meniere Disease

3- Familial Episodic Ataxia

4- Bilateral Vestibular Hypofunction

10- Vertigo can be improved by improving your diet.

Avoiding caffeine, alcohol, salt, nicotine, and sugar has shown to be an improving factor when it comes to vertigo. Maintaining a good fluid balance is essential to improve vertigo.

Vertigo can be troubling, and the side effects of vertigo can make your life very difficult. If your symptoms are worsening, you must immediately visit your medical professional.

You can also read some important blogs

1. How do you know if you have silent migraine
2. Importance Of Taking Care and Spending Time for Oneself
3. Ways To Reduce Stress Amidst Hectic Lifestyle

by Dr Chandril Chugh

Bursting some common myths about Epilepsy.

Epilepsy is one such disease that is the most misunderstood. Television and other forms of media have portrayed this illness in the most cliche manner: a person suddenly falling on the ground, losing consciousness, and starting shaking uncontrollably. This is not incorrect, but when we talk of epilepsy, it goes way beyond just one form of seizure. This is why common misconceptions about epilepsy are numerous, and in this article, we shall look at the most common epilepsy myths and debunk each of them. But before we get to that, let us first understand epilepsy and learn of differences in epilepsy v/s seizure.

What is Epilepsy?

Epilepsy is a neurological condition wherein an individual experiences unprovoked seizures and brought upon by unexpected, sudden, sporadic and intense electrical release of brain cells in the brain. This sudden surge of electrical waves in the brain causes severe seizures and can alter the brain’s normal functioning.

As per a WHO report, out of the total global population, at least 50 million people have epilepsy. Another alarming statistic is that most of these epilepsy patients, at least 80% of the 50 million, reside in middle to low-income countries. You might be wondering why this fact is alarming. In such countries, awareness about this disease is less, and the ancient myths about epilepsy are more prevalent.

This causes a mental burden on the people who have epilepsy, and as research shows, 

“ psychological distress have been reported to have a significant impact on the quality of life of individuals with epilepsy.”

People living with epilepsy are subjected to many societal misconceptions, which has led to too much psychological stress among epilepsy patients, which can cause more harm and lead to severe health conditions.

Difference between Seizure and Epilepsy

The main difference between a seizure and epilepsy lies in the number of occurrences or episodes. In the case of a seizure, the event is just once, or it is just a rare occurrence. However, in epilepsy, there will be many episodes of such electrical discharges in the brain. If you get a single seizure, it is not an indication of epilepsy since a brain injury or a stroke can trigger a seizure. 

Facts and Myths About Epilepsy

1- MYTH: Epilepsy, a brain injury, or a stroke that can trigger a seizure means an evil entity has possessed a person.

   FACT: This is an ancient belief that has done a lot of harm. Epilepsy is a neurological illness that requires medical intervention and not an exorcism. It is a condition that requires treatment by epileptologists, neurologists and paediatricians.

2- MYTH: Epilepsy is an infectious disease.

  FACT: Epilepsy is not at all contagious. This is, in fact, one of the oldest myths about epilepsy. The causes of epilepsy are varied, but they cannot be transmitted from one person to the other. 

3- MYTH: Epilepsy is only caused due to a fall.

   FACT: There are numerous causes of epilepsy. Some of the reasons are:

• Brain injury occurs in the prenatal or postnatal stage.
• Brain malformation is owing to its origin in genetics.
• Multiple head injuries.
• Stroke
• Brain tumours
• Certain Genetic Syndromes.
• Infections on the brain such as encephalitis or meningitis.

4- MYTH: Epilepsy patients are depressed, emotionally immature, and unstable.

    FACT: This is another major misconception about patients who have epilepsy. Yes, it can be challenging to cope with the fact that they can have an episode and a random hour. However, this does not mean that they live in fear or are unhappy. On the contrary, as per research, many people who live with epilepsy have a happy life and are emotionally secure and stable.

  5- MYTH: Epilepsy is a mental sickness.

      FACT: Epilepsy is not a mental sickness. Psychological issues are seen only in patients who have severe epilepsy. However, patients with epilepsy have no mental illness and go about their daily lives like any other normal human being.

6- MYTH: Epilepsy episodes always involve fainting or loss of consciousness and convulsions.

    FACT: According to the Epilepsy Society, Not all seizures or episodes result in convulsions or loss of consciousness. Some people may not experience these as they can either go blank for a few seconds or might just be wandering around while being very hazy and delirious.

7- MYTH: If a person has a seizure, an object must be inserted in their mouth to stop them from biting their tongue.    FACT: This can be very dangerous as the person might injure their jaw muscles and lead to more damage.

 8- MYTH: High beam lights or pointing a flashlight towards the person will induce an epileptic seizure.     FACT: This is not entirely false as there are cases of Photosensitive epilepsy. However, this forms only a meagre percentage, so it does not stand too for all cases of epilepsy. Photosensitive epilepsy occurs only in about 5 per cent of the total epilepsy population.

Now that we have some information about epilepsy and the misconceptions, let us empathise with those who have epilepsy to make the world a better place for them.

To get the best epilepsy treatment, consult with the best neurosurgeon. If anyone you know has epilepsy, you might refer them to Dr Chandril Chugh. 

by Dr Chandril Chugh